JC-1 是一种广泛用于检测线粒体膜电△Ψm位的理想荧光探针。JC-1染料以电势依赖性的方式积聚在线粒体内，可以用来检测细胞、组织或纯化的线粒体膜电位。正常线粒体内，JC-1聚集在线粒体基质中形成聚合物，聚合物发出强烈的红色荧光（Ex=585 nm, Em=590 nm）；不健康的线粒体由于膜电位的下降或丧失，JC-1只能以单体的形式存在于胞浆中，产生绿色荧光（Ex=514 nm, Em=529 nm）。JC-1不仅可用于定性检测，因颜色的变化可以非常直接的反映出线粒体膜电位的变化。也可以用于定量检测，因线粒体的去极化程度可以通过红/绿荧光强度的比例来衡量。观察时，只需使用常规的观察红色荧光和绿色荧光的设置即可。
JC-1 用于检测细胞的线粒体膜电位时常用的浓度范围为 1～20 µg/mL，对于很多细胞适宜采用的 JC-1浓度为 10 µg/mL。
| 化学名称（Chemical name） | 5,5‘,6,6’-Tetrachloro-1,1‘,3,3’-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide |
| CAS号（CAS NO.） | 3520-43-2 |
| 分子式（Formula） | C25H27Cl4IN4 |
| 分子量（Molecular Weight） | 652.23 |
| 纯度（Purity） | ＞95%（HPLC） |
| 外观（Appearance） | 红褐色粉末 |
| 溶解性（Solubility） | 溶于DMSO和DMF，不溶于水 |
| 荧光光谱 （Fluorescent spectrum） | 单体形式（monomer form）：Ex=514 nm, Em=529 nm 聚合物形式（J-aggregate form）：Ex=585 nm, Em=590 nm |
| 结构式 |  |
冰袋（wet ice）运输。
粉末-20℃干燥避光保存，至少一年有效。储存液分装成单次使用量，-20℃干燥避光保存，避免反复冻融，约一年有效。
Q：JC-1线粒体膜电位荧光探针，这个产品可以做组织切片染色吗？
A：把活体组织消化成单个细胞，保证细胞的活性，再进行染色。
Q：JC-1染色前，可以先固定细胞吗？
A：不可以，JC-1染料以电势依赖性的方式积聚在线粒体内，可以用来检测细胞、组织或纯化的线粒体膜电位的。固定会破坏电势，导致探针无法聚集在线粒体上，而失去特异性。
Q：JC-10和JC-1比较，升级、改进的点？
A：JC-10是一种新型的用来监测线粒体膜电位变化的荧光探针，是JC-1的优越替代物。与JC-1相比，具有以下几个重要优势:1)溶解性得以改良——在水溶液中形成沉淀可能性明显降低；2)使用更方便——简化步骤将手动操作时间最小化；3)荧光信号更高——改良的信号与背景荧光的信噪比；4）结果更稳定——优化探针以保证更连续性和稳定性结果。
Q:染色之后，出现了入核的情况，实验组较多，对照组较少，为什么呢？
A：mitosox是进入线粒体后会被超氧化物氧化，然后与线粒体内的核酸结合发出红色的荧光。实验组中经过药物处理，线粒体膜电位消失，超氧化物溢出氧化探针后，探针与细胞核中的核酸结合。
Q:JC-1工作液有聚集颗粒，打算染色前用离心的方法去除后再使用，离心的参数有推荐吗？
A：可以用13000 g 离心JC-1工作液约1-2分钟 。
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